Differences in the course of the disease and prognosis
The kidneys are vital organs that filter blood, excrete waste, regulate fluid balance, and are involved in the production of important hormones. When a pet is affected by chronic kidney disease, the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function – a process that cannot be undone. The sooner the disease is diagnosed, the better it can be slowed down to maintain your pet’s quality of life.
Chronic kidney disease in cats
Frequency and causes
In cats, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diseases in old age. It is estimated that up to 30–40 per cent of all cats over the age of ten are affected. Causes can be genetic factors, chronic infections, poisoning or pre-existing conditions. Quite often, the cause remains unknown, though.
Early diagnosis and symptoms in cats
Symptoms in cats frequently only become evident at a very late stage. Typical symptoms include:
- increased drinking and urinating
- weight loss
- dull coat, reduced activity
- nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite later in life
Regular check-ups with the vet – including blood and urine tests – are the most important steps you can take to make an early diagnosis.
Treatment and prognosis in cats
Treatment aims at slowing progression. Here, a change in diet is particularly important, and giving a low-protein/low-phosphorous food is key to reducing stress on the kidneys.
In addition, you can improve your pet’s quality of life with the following:
- Fluid therapy: encourage increased drinking and give intravenous fluids if necessary.
- Medication: to control blood pressure, phosphate levels, and nausea.
When treated consistently, affected cats can often enjoy a good quality of life for several years. Nevertheless, the disease affects every cat differently and greatly depends on the time of diagnosis.
Chronic kidney disease in dogs
Frequency and causes
Dogs can also suffer from chronic kidney disease, albeit less often than cats. It mainly affects older animals and certain breeds with a genetic predisposition. Causes can be chronic infections, kidney stones, poisoning, or pre-existing conditions.
Early diagnosis and symptoms in dogs
Dogs and cats display similar symptoms, but they often show a little earlier in dogs:
- increased drinking and more frequent urinating
- weight loss and loss of muscle mass
- loss of appetite or irregular appetite
- vomiting, diarrhoea, or fatigue
Early diagnosis is also crucial in dogs. Blood and urine tests, as well as ultrasound, help detect changes early.
Treatment and prognosis in dogs
The therapy is based on the same principles as in cats: special diets, blood-pressure control, phosphate binders, and medication for nausea are the most important building blocks. Fluid intake must be encouraged, and intravenous fluids can become necessary in advanced stages.
On average, the prognosis is slightly better in dogs than in cats, as the progression is usually slower and they display symptoms earlier. With consistent treatment, dogs can remain stable for years as well.
Everyday tips for owners
Treating chronic kidney disease requires plenty of patience and consistency. Small adjustments in everyday life can make a big difference.
Encourage fluid intake
- Keep several water bowls around the house and garden.
- Use drinking fountains, as many animals prefer drinking running water.
- Make water more attractive in terms of taste (e.g. with a small spoonful of fluid from a can of tuna or unseasoned broth).
- Preferably give wet food or add water to dry food.
Make special foods tastier
- Warm the food up slightly for a more intense smell.
- Mix in small amounts of permitted treats to make it more interesting.
- Make food seem more interesting by giving it in small portions.
- When pets refuse to eat, consult your vet – do not give the dog its old food without veterinary consent.
General tips
- Regularly monitor your pet’s weight and observe their drinking, food intake, and vomiting to detect changes early.
- Administer medication consistently and as prescribed.
- Avoid stress as it can cause loss of appetite.
- For cats: create quiet, clean feeding spaces.
- For dogs: encourage steady exercise, but avoid extreme stress. In addition, note down how much your pet drinks and whether and how often it vomits.
Conclusion
Chronic kidney disease is one of the most common diseases in cats and dogs. The sooner they are diagnosed, the better the chances of slowing progression and maintaining well-being. Regular check-ups are crucial, especially in older animals. For owners, this means being attentive, taking even small changes in behaviour or drinking habits seriously – and asking your vet to check your pet’s kidney function regularly.
Content verified by Medi-Vet.
